====== Root filesystem ====== - Install required packages:


qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support

- Setup enviroment:


export targetdir=rootfs

For Debian 9:


export distro=stretch

Or for Debian 10:


export distro=buster

Or for Debian 11:


export distro=bullseye


sudo mkdir $targetdir

Ensure that $targetdir is owned by root:root. - Build the root file system: download the needed .deb packages and unpack it into ''$targetdir'':


sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
sudo chroot $targetdir

- Configure and install the root filesystem by running the .deb configuration scripts inside the emulated ''armhf'' architecture (this is why ''qemu-arm-static'' is needed). For Debian 9:


export distro=stretch

Or for Debian 10:


export distro=buster

Or for Debian 11:


export distro=bullseye


export LANG=C
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage

- Setup APT: For Debian 11:


cat << EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro-security main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT

For older Debian:


cat << EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT

Disable the recommended and suggested packages automatic installation to reduce the root file system size:


cat << EOT > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/71-no-recommends
APT::Install-Recommends "0";
APT::Install-Suggests "0";
EOT

- Install required packages:


apt update
apt install locales dialog
dpkg-reconfigure locales
apt install openssh-server ntpdate resolvconf sudo less hwinfo ntp tcsh zsh vim

- Set root password:


passwd

- Install really required packages (if you want to use non-static address):


apt install net-tools isc-dhcp-client

- Install anything you need and customize your system. Some useful set:


apt install build-essential bash-completion time python python-pip python3 python3-pip i2c-tools gcc g++

- In order to auto-close ssh session on powerdown, install:


apt install libpam-systemd dbus

and check if ''UsePAM yes'' is set in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'' - Configure interfaces: \\ -- assign fixed address:


cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1
EOT


cat << EOT >> /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
EOT

-- or use dhcp:


cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
EOT


cat << EOT > /etc/resolv.conf
EOT

- Turn on password authentication -- uncomment ''PasswordAuthentication yes'' in


vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

- Add user


adduser username

and add it to sudo group:


usermod -a -G sudo

- Auto-mount SD card: add entry to ''/etc/fstab'':


/dev/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard auto defaults 0 0

and make mount point


mkdir /sdcard

- Set hostname:


echo  > /etc/hostname
echo 127.0.0.1  >> /etc/hosts

- Set debug UART console:


echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt1000 >> /etc/inittab

- Install kernel modules build by PetaLinux: \\ **From different console:**


cd /
sudo tar xvfp build/tmp/deploy/images/plnx-zynq7/modules-plnx-zynq7.tgz -C


sudo tar xvfp build/tmp/deploy/images/zynq-generic/modules-zynq-generic.tgz -C

The '''' __should point at the root of the rootfs__, i.e. at ''$targetdir''. \\ Please __notice__ that the modules file may have different name depending on the architecture.\\ \\ **In the ''chroot'' enviroment -- petalinux 2018.3:**


chown -R root:root /lib
mv /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
depmod
mv /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/

\\ **In the ''chroot'' enviroment -- petalinux 2020.2:**


chown -R root:root /lib
mv /lib/modules/5.4.0-xilinx-v2020.2/ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
depmod
mv /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ /lib/modules/5.4.0-xilinx-v2020.2/

- Load module for generic UIO with altered ''compatible'' property:


cat << EOT > /etc/modules-load.d/uio_pdrv_genirq.conf
uio_pdrv_genirq
EOT


cat << EOT > /etc/modprobe.d/uio_pdrv_genirq.conf
options uio_pdrv_genirq of_id=generic-uio
EOT

- Create group ''uio_user'' (or any other name you want) and add user to it:


groupadd uio_user
usermod -a -G uio_user

- Make ''/dev/uio*'' devices accessible for group ''uio_user'':


cat << EOT > /etc/udev/rules.d/90-uio.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="uio", KERNEL=="uio[0-9]*", GROUP="uio_user", MODE="0660"
EOT

- Make ''i2c-tools'' command available for the user


usermod -a -G i2c

and add path to ''/usr/sbin'' to user ''.bashrc'' - Exit and cleanup:


exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static

* In any case you need to modify the system


export targetdir=rootfs
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo chroot $targetdir

Debian 10 - ''qemu-arm-static'' comes from ''qemu-user-static'' package. \\ In case of network problems:


echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

Do what you need and


exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static