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====== Root filesystem  ======

  - Install required packages: <code>
qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support </code>
  - Setup enviroment: <code>
export targetdir=rootfs</code>For Debian 9:<code>
export distro=stretch </code>Or for Debian 10:<code>
export distro=buster </code>Or for Debian 11:<code>
export distro=bullseye</code><code>
sudo mkdir $targetdir
</code> Ensure that $targetdir is owned by root:root.
  - Build the root file system: download the needed .deb packages and unpack it into ''$targetdir'': <code>
sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
sudo chroot $targetdir
</code>
  - Configure and install the root filesystem by running the .deb configuration scripts inside the emulated ''armhf'' architecture (this is why ''qemu-arm-static'' is needed). For Debian 9:<code>
export distro=stretch </code>Or for Debian 10:<code>
export distro=buster </code>Or for Debian 11:<code>
export distro=bullseye</code><code>
export LANG=C
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
</code>
  - Setup APT: For Debian 11: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro-security main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT
</code> For older Debian: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT
</code> Disable the recommended and suggested packages automatic installation to reduce the root file system size: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/71-no-recommends
APT::Install-Recommends "0";
APT::Install-Suggests "0";
EOT
</code>
  - Install required packages: <code>
apt update
apt install locales dialog
dpkg-reconfigure locales
apt install openssh-server ntpdate resolvconf sudo less hwinfo ntp tcsh zsh vim 
</code>
  - Set root password: <code>
passwd
</code>
  - Install really required packages (if you want to use non-static address): <code>
apt install net-tools isc-dhcp-client
</code>
  - Install anything you need and customize your system. Some useful set: <code>
apt install build-essential bash-completion time python python-pip python3 python3-pip i2c-tools gcc g++ 
</code>
  - In order to auto-close ssh session on powerdown, install: <code>
apt install libpam-systemd dbus
</code> and check if ''UsePAM yes'' is set in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config''
  - Configure interfaces: \\ -- assign fixed address: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1
EOT
</code> <code>
cat << EOT >> /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
EOT
</code> -- or use dhcp: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
EOT
</code> <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/resolv.conf
EOT
</code>
  -  Turn on password authentication -- uncomment ''PasswordAuthentication yes'' in <code>
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
</code>
  - Add user <code>
adduser username
</code> and add it to sudo group: <code>
usermod -a -G sudo <username>
</code>
  - Auto-mount SD card: add entry to ''/etc/fstab'': <code>
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard auto defaults 0 0
</code> and make mount point <code>
mkdir /sdcard
</code>
  - Set hostname: <code>
echo <linux_name> > /etc/hostname
echo 127.0.0.1 <linux_name> >> /etc/hosts
</code>
  - Set debug UART console: <code>
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt1000 >> /etc/inittab
</code>
  - Install kernel modules build by PetaLinux: \\ **From different console:** <code>
cd <boot_project_path>/<boot_project_name>
sudo tar xvfp build/tmp/deploy/images/plnx-zynq7/modules-plnx-zynq7.tgz -C <rootfs_project_path>
</code> or <code>
sudo tar xvfp build/tmp/deploy/images/zynq-generic/modules-zynq-generic.tgz -C <rootfs_project_path>
</code> The ''<rootfs_project_path>'' __should point at the root of the rootfs__, i.e. at ''$targetdir''. \\ Please __notice__ that the modules file may have different name depending on the architecture.\\ \\ **In the ''chroot'' enviroment -- petalinux 2018.3:** <code>
chown -R root:root /lib
mv /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
depmod
mv /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/
</code>\\ **In the ''chroot'' enviroment -- petalinux 2020.2:** <code>
chown -R root:root /lib
mv /lib/modules/5.4.0-xilinx-v2020.2/ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
depmod
mv /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ /lib/modules/5.4.0-xilinx-v2020.2/
</code>
  - Load module for generic UIO with altered ''compatible'' property: <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/modules-load.d/uio_pdrv_genirq.conf
uio_pdrv_genirq
EOT
</code><code>
cat << EOT > /etc/modprobe.d/uio_pdrv_genirq.conf
options uio_pdrv_genirq of_id=generic-uio
EOT
</code>
  - Create group ''uio_user'' (or any other name you want) and add user to it: <code>
groupadd uio_user
usermod -a -G uio_user <username>
</code>
  - Make ''/dev/uio*'' devices accessible for group ''uio_user'': <code>
cat << EOT > /etc/udev/rules.d/90-uio.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="uio", KERNEL=="uio[0-9]*", GROUP="uio_user", MODE="0660"
EOT
</code>
  - Make ''i2c-tools'' command available for the user <code>
usermod -a -G i2c <username>
</code> and add path to ''/usr/sbin'' to user ''.bashrc''
  - Exit and cleanup: <code>
exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
</code> 
  * In any case you need to modify the system <code>
export targetdir=rootfs
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo chroot $targetdir
</code> Debian 10 - ''qemu-arm-static'' comes from ''qemu-user-static'' package. \\ In case of network problems: <code>
echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf
</code> Do what you need and <code>
exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
</code>
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