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Root filesystem

Install required packages:

qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support

Setup enviroment:

export targetdir=rootfs
export distro=stretch
mkdir $targetdir

Build the root file system: download the needed .deb packages and unpack it into $targetdir:

sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
sudo chroot $targetdir

Configure and install the root filesystem by running the .deb configuration scripts inside the emulated armhf architecture (this is why qemu-arm-static is needed)
```
export distro=stretch
export LANG=C
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
```

Setup APT:

cat << EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/ $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT

Disable the recommended and suggested packages automatic installation to reduce the root file system size:

cat << EOT > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/71-no-recommends
APT::Install-Recommends "0";
APT::Install-Suggests "0";
EOT

Install required packages:

apt update
apt install locales dialog
dpkg-reconfigure locales
apt install openssh-server ntpdate resolvconf sudo less hwinfo ntp tcsh zsh vim

Set root password:
```
passwd
```

Configure interfaces:
– assign fixed address:

cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1
EOT

cat << EOT >> /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
EOT

– or use dhcp:

cat << EOT > /etc/network/interfaces.d/interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
EOT

cat << EOT > /etc/resolv.conf
EOT

Turn on password authentication – uncomment PasswordAuthentication yes in
```
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
```

Add user

adduser username

and add it to sudo group:

usermod -a -G sudo <username>

Auto-mount SD card: add entry to /etc/fstab:
```
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard auto defaults 0 0
```
and make mount point
```
mkdir /sdcard
```

Set hostname:

echo <linux_name> > /etc/hostname
echo 127.0.0.1 <linux_name> >> /etc/hosts

Set debug UART console:

echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt1000 >> /etc/inittab

Install really required packages (if you want to use non-static address):
```
apt install net-tools isc-dhcp-client
```
Install anything you need and customize your system. Some useful set:
```
apt install build-essential bash-completion time python python-pip
```

Install kernel modules build by PetaLinux:
From different console:

cd <boot_project_path>/<boot_project_name>
sudo tar xvfp build/tmp/deploy/images/plnx-zynq7/modules-plnx-zynq7.tgz -C <rootfs_project_path>

The <rootfs_project_path> should point at the root of the rootfs, i.e. at $targetdir.
Please notice that the modules file may have different name depending on the architecture.

In the chroot enviroment:

chown -R root:root /lib
mv /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/ /lib/modules/`uname -r`/
depmod
mv /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ /lib/modules/4.14.0-xilinx-v2018.3/

Load module for generic UIO with altered compatible property:

cat << EOT >> /etc/modules
uio_pdrv_genirq of_id="generic-uio"
EOT

Make /dev/uio* devices accessible for all:

cat << EOT >> /etc/udev/rules.d/90-uio.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="uio", MODE=”666"
EOT

Exit and cleanup:

exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static

In any case you need to modify the system

export targetdir=rootfs
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin
sudo chroot $targetdir

Do what you need and

exit
sudo rm -f $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static

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